Factors That Influence Lgbt Peoples Health Through The...

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people face poorer health outcomes than heterosexuals. In our society, people still classify LGBT people as deviant, dysfunctional, abnormal and immoral (Sloan and Gustavsson, n.d). Most disturbing is the impact of such stereotyping on LGBT youth. Violence against these marginalize and vulnerable group has led to disparity in health outcome as well as the loss of lives. According to Pollock 2006 (p.29) â€Å"same-sex orientation is a significant risk factor for suicide, depression and alcohol abuse† In addressing this concern, a critical look at the social determinant of health can unravel the underlying cause of the health disparity within LGBT community as well as health disparity between LGBT†¦show more content†¦Education Health has been linked to education. Under achievement at school or incomplete education like school dropout can put people in disadvantaged position in the society. Educational attainment has been li nked to health through several interrelated pathways which include working conditions, income, work related resources sense of control, social standing, social support and , health knowledge, literacy and behavior (Braveman, 2010, p.386). The more education one attains, the more economic and social resources available to such individual. But what happens when access to such a life defining factor is threatened? Educational attainment can be threatened by several forms of violence like bullying, victimization, harassment and hate crime in the school environment. The concomitant effect is a poor health outcome. â€Å"Bullying is a form of violence characterized as an aggressive behavior that is unprovoked and intended to cause harm† (Hightow-Weidman, Philips, Jones, Outlaw, Fields Smith, 2011). A major underlying attitude that influences bullying directed at LGBT youth is homophobia (Hong Garbarino, 2012, p.272). Studies have shown that LGBT youth experience high levels of bullying related to their sexual orientation (actual or perceived) relative to their

Educational Entry Level for Professional Nurses Free Essays

Educational Entry Level for Professional Nursing Practice The first position paper calling for baccalaureate degree as the minimum requirement for entry into professional nursing was released in 1965 by the American Nurses Association. This stimulates an ongoing frustrating debate among nurses. The Occupational Outlook Handbook published by the US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, nursing is the largest healthcare profession with 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Entry Level for Professional Nurses or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 million jobs and is projected to generate 587,000 more jobs between 2006-2016. Despite strength in numbers nurses are the least educated of all the interdisciplinary healthcare team members with whom they collaborate. Teams consist of physicians’ pharmacists, speech pathologists, and physical and occupational therapists. Patients are living longer than expected and health care providers need the ability to think critically and provide health care services at levels never before imagined. Each of these disciplines recognized the importance of higher education to deliver appropriate patient care. The health care industry is changing rapidly. Because of advances in medicine, technology and lifesaving techniques. Patients have a better chance of surviving traumatic injury, life threatening disease processes, and delicate surgical procedures that ever before. Results of various studies suggest baccalaureate prepared nurses are more likely to demonstrate professional behaviors important to patient safety. RN’s educated at baccalaureate level or above have lower risk adjusted mortality rates and lower rates of failure to rescue. The failure to rescue relates to deaths in patients with serious complications. Nursing is a knowledge based profession. Researchers have found perceived differences that are particularly related to education. These differences are perceived to be related to nurses with bachelor’s degrees: †¢Greater critical thinking skills †¢Less task oriented †¢More professionalism †¢Stronger leadership skills †¢More focused on continuity of care and outcome †¢More focus on psychosocial components, communication and patient teaching. It is important to me for nursing to represent a credible profession that roduces the best independent critical thinking healthcare professionals that provide safe, quality patient care. It is important for nursing leaders and managers when evaluating patient outcomes as they relate to educational levels of nurses. Current research by Linda Aiken found that patient outcomes are related to educational levels of RN’s. The results of Aiken’s research also found that a 10% increase in nurses with BSN degrees caring for the patients decreased the risk of patient death and failure to rescue by 5%. Everyone in the healthcare system would benefit from improved patient outcomes. Educational mobility to the BSN level is important to positive outcomes, creation of a reliable professional identity and unity among nurses. I believe the salaries of nurses are directly tied to our educational status. More agencies should utilize the human resources departments to develop tuition reimbursement programs and promote higher education of their employees. Educational institutions should develop committees to perform research and look deeper in the nursing educational curriculum and provide surveys to obtain public opinion of nurse educational levels. A common finding from the articles addressed the fact that resources need to be redirected to support baccalaureate entry and end licensure at the associated degree and diploma levels. The on or begins in community colleges and end in four year degree granting institutions. The research included the need for funding to support community college and university collaborations. The development of an action plan for Professional Development is very important. Managers and leaders should include this process in performance improvement sessions and during coaching and counseling. Personal improvement of staff provides the promotion to a better position to assist others. Members of staff should consider returning to school, certification or credentialing, and participation on committees for educational advancement. A plan should be created to develop goals, review goals and action plans frequently, set timelines and commit to completion. Nurses must move further along the educational continuum and prepare a strong well educated workforce. RN’s are important to patient safety at any level of education and play a vital role in lowering mortality rates, preventing medical errors, and ensuring quality outcomes. Nurses with various levels of educational preparation will continue to practice for many years to come, but a decision about the future education of nurses needs to be made now. References Mark, B. , Salyer, J. , Wan, T. (2003) Professional nursing practice: impact on organizational and patient outcomes. JONA 33(4 ), 224-234. Goodin, H. ( 2004) The shortage in the united states of America: an integrative review of the literature Journal of Advanced Nursing 43 (4), 335-350. Nelson, M. (2002) Nursing practice: looking backward into the future. Online Journal of Nursing. 7 (2) 43-66. How to cite Educational Entry Level for Professional Nurses, Essay examples

Macroeconomic Case Studies Essays - Inflation, Price Indices

Macroeconomic Case Studies Economics 001A: Macroeconomics Macroeconomic Case Studies Stephen Rossi Economics 001A: M 6:30-9:15 Slowing the US Economy The article titled 'Fed Unlikely to Alter Course' by John M. Berry of the Washington Post takes an interesting look at actions that Alan Greenspan his colleges of the Federal Reserve have been taking over the last 9 months to slow the economic growth of United States. The astonishing growth rate of 7.3% is fueled by an economy that is in the midst of a high tech revolution. The article also explores the contrasting view of other economists that say that the Fed has increased interest rates too much in its attempts to slow the economy. The means by which Alan Greenspan and the Federal Reserve have chose to slow the economy is through a monetary policy, or more specifically, an increase in the national interest rate. The article states that the Fed officials have come to a broad agreement that they will keep raising the rates until growth slows to a more sustainable pace to make sure inflation stays under control. Because of the booming economy and the investment in the stock market the exchange of money has increased for goods and services, which in turn increases the price level or the quantity of money demanded. By increasing the interest rates the Fed commits itself to adjusting the supply of money in the United States to meet that rate at a point of equilibrium. If the interest rate is increased, less goods and services are demanded, and therefore will slow down the economy and reduce the rate of inflation. The article points out that as stock prices have risen over the last couple of years, so have American ho usehold wealth and consumer spending. This is precisely the cycle that Fed officials want to interrupt to slow growth before it fuels more inflation. At the time this article was written the stock market prices had fallen sharply especially in the technology sector. But the Fed continued on the path to raise interest rates further noting that the index that they closely follow and contains a broader rage of public traded US stocks, the Wilshire 5000, is up for the year. Even though they began raising rates gradually 9 months ago, it takes almost a year for the economy to feel the full effects. In this case the results of the interest rates increased could be felt as last as the second half of 2000. Yet the economy has not slowed down, and the demand for goods and services continues to increase as wealth does. One of the ideas that has been presented to Greenspan by the fed officials was to take bigger steps in raising the interest rates. They feel that this will decrease the money demand in a quicker fashion. In turn these actions will lead to lower consumer spending, and thus decrease the inflation rate. However, because of the erratic patterns in today's high tech economy Greenspan is expected to stick to his pattern of more gradual increases to the interest rate. Eventually when monthly loan payments increase enough, consumers will back on purchases and investments. The article points out an example where the rate for a new 30 year fixed-rate home mortgage is up to 8.5% from 7.75% nine months ago in June. In the situation of a $150,000 home loan, this new interest rate will add almost $100 to each monthly payment. Over time the full effect of the interest rates will be felt. One economist, James Glassman of Chase Securities takes a different look at the new interest rate. He points out that the rates that the Fed has set are fairly high in comparison to the rate of inflation as it is currently in the United States. The formula that Glassman follows examines the inflation rate when food and energy items are excluded because they are so volatile. With these items removed the rate of inflation in the US is less than 2%. As with other measurements, this rate can be subtracted from the interest rates to find a 'real' interest rate which consumers a paying. So in terms of 30-year home mortgage rate set at 8.5%, only 6.5% of it is

nuclear reactions essays

nuclear reactions essays Chemical reactions are the heart of chemistry. People have always known that they exist. The Ancient Greeks were the first to speculate on the composition of matter. They thought that it was possible that individual particles made up matter. Later, in the Seventeenth Century, a German chemist named George Ernst Stahl was the first to postulate on chemical reaction. He said that a substance called phlogiston escaped into the air from all substances during combustion. He explained that a burning candle would go out if a candle snuffer was put over it because the air inside the snuffer became saturated with phlogiston. Stahl also said that phlogiston will take away from a substance's mass or that it had a negative mass, which contradicted his original theories. In the Eighteenth Century Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, in France, discovered an important detail in the understanding of the chemical reaction combustion, oxigine (oxygen). He said that combustion was a chemical reaction involving oxygen and another combustible substance, such as wood. John Dalton, in the early Nineteenth Century, discovered the atom. It led to the idea that a chemical reaction was actually the rearrangement of groups of atoms called molecules. Dalton also said that the appearance and disappearance of properties meant that the atomic composition dictated the appearance of different properties. He also came up with idea that a molecule of one substance is exactly the same as any other molecule of the same substance. People like Joseph-Lois Gay-Lussac added to Dalton's ideas with the postulate that the volumes of gasses that react with each other are related. Amedeo Avogadro also added to the understanding of chemical reactions. He said that all gasses at the same pressure, volume and temperature contain the same number of particles. This idea took a long time to be accepted. His ideas lead to the subsc ...

A Quick Tour of the First McDonalds

A Quick Tour of the First McDonald's Founder Ray Kroc’s first McDonald’s, known as Store #1, opened on April 15, 1955, in Des Plaines, Illinois. This first store sported a red-and-white tile building and the now very recognizable large Golden Arches. The first McDonald’s offered lots of parking (no inside service) and featured a simple menu of hamburgers, fries, shakes, and drinks. Origins of the Idea   Ray Kroc, the owner of Prince Castle Sales, had been selling Multimixers, machines that allowed restaurants to mix five milkshakes at one time, since 1938. In 1954, 52-year-old Kroc was surprised to learn of a small restaurant in San Bernadino, California that not only had five Multimixers but used them nearly non-stop. Before long, Kroc was on his way to visit. The restaurant that was using the five Multimixers was McDonald’s, owned and operated by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald. The McDonald brothers had originally opened a restaurant called McDonald’s Bar-B-Q in 1940 but revamped their business in 1948 to focus on a more limited menu. McDonalds sold only nine items, which included hamburgers, chips, slices of pie, milkshakes, and drinks. Kroc loved the McDonald’s concept of a limited menu with fast service and convinced the McDonald brothers to broaden their business with nation-wide franchises. Kroc opened his first McDonald’s the following year, on April 15, 1955, in Des Plaines, Illinois. What Did the First McDonald’s Look Like? The very first of Ray Kroc’s McDonald’s was designed by architect Stanley Meston. Located at 400 Lee Street in Des Plaines, Illinois, this first McDonald’s had a red-and-white tile exterior and large Golden Arches that flanked the sides of the building. Outside, a large red and white sign announced the â€Å"Speedee service system.† Ray Kroc wanted quality with quick service and so the first McDonald’s character was Speedee, a cute little guy with a hamburger for a head. Speedee stood on top of that first sign, holding another sign advertising â€Å"15 cents† – the low cost of a hamburger. (Ronald McDonald would replace Speedee in the 1960s.) Also outside were plenty  of parking spots for customers to wait for their car-hop service (there was no inside seating). While waiting in their cars, customers could order from the very limited menu that included hamburgers for 15 cents, cheeseburgers for 19 cents, French fries for 10 cents, shakes for 20 cents, and all other drinks for just 10 cents. Inside the first McDonald’s a crew of workers, wearing dark slacks and a white shirt covered by an apron would prepare the food quickly. At the time, fries were made fresh from potatoes and Coca Cola and root beer were drawn directly from a barrel. The McDonalds Museum The original McDonald’s underwent a number of remodels over the years but in 1984 it was torn down. In its place, a nearly exact replica (they even used the original blueprints) was built in 1985 and turned into a museum. The museum is simple, perhaps too simple. It looks just like the original McDonald’s, even sporting mannequins pretending to work at their stations. However, if you want to actually eat McDonald’s food, you have to go across the street where a modern McDonald’s awaits your order. However, you may have more fun by visiting these eight amazing McDonalds restaurants. Important Dates in McDonald’s History 1958 – McDonald’s sells its 100 millionth hamburger 1961 – Hamburger University opens 1962 – The first McDonald’s with indoor seating (Denver, Colorado) 1965 – There are now over 700 McDonald’s restaurants 1966 – Ronald McDonald appears in his first TV commercial 1968 – The Big Mac is first offered 1971 – Ronald McDonald gets friends – Hamburglar, Grimace, Mayor McCheese 1975 – The first McDonald’s drive-thru opens 1979 – Happy Meals introduced 1984 – Ray Kroc dies at age 81

Chapters Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapters Summary - Essay Example n, use of least pressure, deterrence from the use of severe measures until inevitable, and specific and detailed description of performance problem to the employee. Managers must have full awareness of the problem to use the disciplinary process effectively. First the manager diagnoses the problem together with the employee, and after coaching and feedback, if the desired improvement is not seen, actions become unilateral from bilateral, thus causing the manager to decide what eventually needs to be done to halt the consistent poor performance of the employee. Progressive discipline involves least use of force to solve performance problem, but in case of failed solution of cooperative problem, consequences are applied. The three phases of progressive discipline process include identification and cooperation, cooperative consequences in the case of persistence of performance problem, and unilateral consequences. Identification and cooperation includes identification of problem and pre paration of plan to solve it. Cooperative consequences include identification and application of consequences. Unilateral consequences include taking severe action in case of persistence of problem remaining within the labor agreement constraints. Commitment and a different mindset is required to manage performance. Good management aims at adding value instead of speeding up the processes to get everything done quickly. Common managerial objections include being too busy to take more work, not being clear on the manager’s job, considering the system dreadful, dissatisfaction of the employees with the appraisal process, tendency of employees to benefit from the cooperative approach of the manager and the power being shifted from the manager’s hand into the employees’ as a result, considering the process of performance appraisal useless until used for rewarding employees, lack of acknowledgment of the imperfection of any pay for performance system, fear of the manager to lose

Communication Theory- Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication Theory- Article Analysis - Essay Example Through a process of self-disclosure, communication gradually moves from shallow to intimate as a function of immediate and forecast outcomes as the interpersonal relationship develops. The movement from superficial to intimate levels follows the stages of; orientation, where superficial disclosure following social norms and appropriateness are made. The next stage- exploratory affective- entails moderate disclosure on general topics, followed by the affective stage where disclosure of private and personal matters takes place. The stable stage is a plateau level in which personal things are shared and emotions predicted, while the last stage- depenetration- entails a breakdown of the relationship following withdrawal of disclosure (Greene and Burleson 693; Gibbs, Ellison and Heino 152-177). This study analyzes Daniel Chornet-Roses’ â€Å"Using Students’ Prior Knowledge to Teach Social Penetration Theory† in terms of the main purpose, hypothesis, methodology and r esults before arriving at an appropriate conclusion on the implications of the Social Penetration Theory. Analysis â€Å"Using Students’ Prior Knowledge to Teach Social Penetration Theory† Chornet-Rose (150) acknowledges that appreciating student’s existing ideas and beliefs about a given subject enhances the experiences of learning. The scholar seeks to hone the student’s skills in analyzing information, inductive reasoning and self-reflection. To do this, the scholar plans to activate the prior knowledge of the students in relationship development through letting them watch the film Before Sunset. This will be followed by introducing the students to the intended new knowledge in Social Penetration Theory. Although not expressly stated, the hypothesis tested by the scholar is that acknowledging and incorporating the student’s prior knowledge into the classroom enhances student’s learning experience and outcomes. The researcher’s sele cted method comprises of four sections. First, the students were assigned to watch the film Before Sunset at home. The second activity is an in-class one, where the students were required to informally formulate a theory of relationship development through analyzing the film. The study provides a guide towards analysis and inductive creation of the relationship development theory through asking the students to pay close attention to; the type of information shared (superficial, important, intimate); the tone of conversation (serious, friendly, cheerful, angry); non-verbal communication (proxemics, eye behavior); and lastly, the accomplishments of their communicative interaction. The third activity entails a 75-minute in-class lesson introducing Social Penetration Theory, discussing the student’s relationship development theories with SPT and how SPT may be used to discuss relationship development in the theory. In the first 15-20 minutes, the instructor presents a lecture on Social Penetration Theory, highlighting its key concepts. In the next 10-15 minutes, the students discuss and contrast their informal theories with SPT while in small groups. The remainder of the lesson involves the instructor leading the class to discuss the students’ theories in relation to SPT and relationship development in the film. The final activity entails the students writing a paragraph on how their knowledge on relationship development has developed since learning SPT. The essay assignment is given as an end-of-class or